Bereshit / In Principio

Bereshit Rabbah

Bereshit Rabbah 1:10 (Vilna numbering)

Datecompilation 400–500PlaceGalilee (Tiberias / Sepphoris)TraditionrabbinicVerseGenesis 1:1
why begin here?

English

Rabbi Yona said in the name of Rabbi Levi: Why was the world created with the letter beit? It is because just as the beit is closed on all [three of] its sides but open in its front, so, you do not have permission to ask: What is below, what is above, what was before, and what is after, but only from the day when the world created and onward. Bar Kapara said: “For ask now of the early days that were before you, from the day [that God created man upon the earth]” (Deuteronomy 4:32) – from the day they were created, you may inquire, but you may not inquire what was before that. “From one end of the heavens to the other end” (Deuteronomy 4:32), you may inquire and investigate, but what is beyond that you may not investigate. Rabbi Shimon ben Pazi expounded regarding the act of Creation together with bar Kapara: Why was the world created with the letter beit? It is to inform you that there are two worlds, this world and the World to Come. Another matter, why with a beit? Because it alludes to an expression of blessing [berakha]. And why not with an alef? Because it alludes to an expression of curse [arira]. Another matter, why not with an alef? It is to avoid giving recourse to the heretics to say: How can the world endure, as it was created with an expression of curse? Rather, the Holy One blessed be He said: ‘Behold, I will create it with an expression of blessing, and there is hope that perhaps it will endure.’ Another matter, why with a beit? It is because just as the beit has two protrusions, one above it and one below and behind it, if one says to the beit: ‘Who created you?’ It points with its upper protrusion, saying: ‘That One who is above created me.’ ‘And what is His name?’ It points with its rear protrusion and says: ‘The Lord [Adonai] is His name.’ Rabbi Elazar bar Ḥanina said in the name of Rabbi Aḥa: For twenty-six generations the alef complained before the throne of the Holy One blessed be He. It said before Him: ‘Master of the universe, I am the first of the letters, but You did not create Your world with me.’ The Holy One blessed be He said to it: ‘The world and all its contents were created only for the sake of the Torah, as it is stated: “The Lord founded the earth with wisdom…” (Proverbs 3:19). Tomorrow, I will be coming to give the Torah at Sinai, and I will open it at its beginning only with you, as it is stated: “I [anokhi] am the Lord your God”’ (Exodus 20:2). Rabbi Hoshaya says: Why is it called alef? It is because He consented concerning a thousand, as it is stated: “The word that He commanded for one thousand [elef] generations” (Psalms 105:8).

The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · sefaria-midrash-rabbah

Hebrew / Aramaic

רבי יונה בשם ר' לוי אמר למה נברא העולם בב' אלא מה ב' זה סתום מכל צדדיו ופתוח מלפניו כך אין לך רשות לומר מה למטה מה למעלה מה לפנים מה לאחור אלא מיום שנברא העולם ולהבא. בר קפרא אמר (דברים ד, לב): "כִּי שְׁאַל נָא לְיָמִים רִאשׁוֹנִים אֲשֶׁר הָיוּ לְפָנֶיךָ [לְמִן הַיוֹם אֲשֶׁר בָּרָא אֱלֹהִים]" למן היום שנבראו אתה דורש ואי אתה דורש לפנים מכאן (שם) אתה דורש וחוקר ואי אתה חוקר לפנים מכאן. דרש רבי יהודה בן פזי במעשה בראשית בהדיה דבר קפרא למה נברא העולם בב' להודיעך שהן שני עולמים העוה"ז והעוה"ב. ד"א ולמה בב' שהוא לשון ברכה ולמה לא באל"ף שהוא לשון ארירה. ד"א למה לא באל"ף שלא ליתן פתחון פה לאפיקורסין לומר היאך העולם יכול לעמוד שהוא נברא בלשון ארירה אלא אמר הקדוש ברוך הוא הרי אני בורא אותו בלשון ברכה והלואי יעמוד .ד"א למה בב' אלא מה ב' זה יש לו שני עוקצין אחד מלמעלה ואחד מלמטה מאחוריו אומרים לב' מי בראך והוא מראה בעוקצו מלמעלה ואמר זה שלמעלה בראני ומה שמו והוא מראה להן בעוקצו של אחריו ואומר ה' שמו. א"ר אלעזר בר חנינא בשם ר' אחא עשרים וששה דורות היתה האל"ף קורא תגר לפני כסאו של הקדוש ברוך הוא אמרה לפניו רבש"ע אני ראשון של אותיות ולא בראת עולמך בי אמר לה הקב"ה העולם ומלואו לא נברא אלא בזכות התורה שנאמר (משלי ג, יט): "ה' בחכמה יסד ארץ וגו'" למחר אני בא ליתן תורה בסיני ואיני פותח תחלה אלא בך שנאמר (שמות כ, ב): "אנכי ה' אלהיך" רבי הושעיא אומר למה נקרא שמו אל"ף שהוא מסכים מאֶלֶף שנאמר (תהלים קה, ח): "דבר צוה לאלף דור":.

Bereshit Rabbah 1:10 (Vilna numbering) · cc-by-sa

Notes

The ban on the four questions derived from the shape of the first letter of the verse, which is as close to the crux as a comment can get. R. Yona in the name of R. Levi: why was the world created with a bet? Because just as the bet is closed on its three sides and open at the front, so you have no permission to ask what is below, what is above, what was before and what is after — but only from the day the world was created and onward. Bar Kappara gets the same fence out of Deut 4:32: from the day they were created you may enquire, but not before that; from one end of the heavens to the other you may investigate, but not beyond. The rest of the section is a sequence of further answers — two worlds, this and the world to come; bet for berakhah rather than alef for arirah, so that the heretics should not be able to say the world was made with a curse — and each of them is a reason for the letter that is also a reason for where the book starts. This is m. Chagigah 2:1's four forbidden matters, made into an exegesis of a single consonant.

It may not be expoundedThe bet is closed behindBet for blessing, not alef for curse

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